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#SKIN DEEP SYNONYM SKIN#

“Parabens and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligand Cross-Talk in Breast Cancer Cells.” Environmental Health Perspectives 124, 5 (2016): 563-9. “Parabens can enable hallmarks and characteristics of cancer in human breast epithelial cells: a review of the literature with reference to new exposure data and regulatory status.” Journal of Applied Toxicology 34, 9 (2014): 925-38. Darbre, Philippa D, and Philip W Harvey. “Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children.” Environment International 73 (2014): 323-33.

#SKIN DEEP SYNONYM SKIN#

“EWG’s Skin Deep Cosmetic Database.” Last modified September 1, 2020. “A review of hair product use on breast cancer risk in African American women.” Cancer Medicine 5, 3 (2016): 597-604.

“Relationship between everyday use cosmetics and female breast cancer.” Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej 124, 5 (2014): 264-9. From environmental studies to human health.” Environment International 67 (2014): 27–42. Błędzka, Dorota, Jolanta Gromadzińska and Wojciech Wąsowicz. National Center for Biotechnology Information. “PubChem Compound.” Accessed November 17, 2020. “Dietary predictors of urinary environmental biomarkers in young girls, BCERP, 2004-7.” Environmental Research 133 (2014): 12-9.

Pay particular attention to products marketed to kids: both the European Commission and Denmark have banned butylparaben and propylparaben from diaper creams and other leave-on products for children under three.

methylparaben (or methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate).

heptylparaben (or heptyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate),.

ethylparaben (or ethyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate).

butylparaben (or butyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate),.

propylparaben (or propyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate),.

Common parabens and their synonyms include:

Avoid products listing parabens as ingredients.

Look for products labeled “paraben-free.”.

Pregnant women, fetuses and young children are most vulnerable to parabens, because at these life stages breast tissue is most susceptible to endocrine disruptors. , Who is most vulnerable to the health effects? Hair products marketed and used by African Americans (such as hair creams, relaxers and stylers) are more likely to contain parabens than products used by whites. Higher concentrations were found in women, people in high-income households, and African Americans. population showed that over 90 percent of people in the United States have parabens in their bodies. Who is most likely to be exposed to parabens?Ī recent study looking at a representative cross section of the U.S. Parabens have been linked to other health concerns, such as allergies, and may also disrupt thyroid levels.

Blockage of chemotherapy agents: Methylparaben may decrease the ability of tamoxifen to impede the effects of estrogen, making this common chemotherapy drug less effective at treating breast cancer.

Metastasis: In vitro studies have found that cells exposed to parabens for over 20 weeks may increase factors associated with metastases.Decreased cell death: Studies show that some concentrations of parabens may reduce programmed cell death, which is one way the body deals with damaged cells.The authors found that the presence of a growth factor called heregulin leads parabens to stimulate the estrogen receptor at levels that had been considered non-toxic in cell-based research. One cell-based study tried to mimic the conditions of cells and tissues by adding proteins called growth factors, which stimulate the expression of HER2, found in 25 percent of breast cancers. , Cell-based studies of parabens’ effects on the estrogen receptor do not address other systems that influence the development of breast cancer. Increased cell growth: Several studies show that parabens may mimic estrogen and, as a result, increase breast cell growth.Several studies have shown that parabens can affect the mechanisms of normal breast cells and potentially influence their abnormal growth, leading to increased risk for breast cancer: Parabens are known endocrine disruptors that can mimic estrogen in the body. What evidence links parabens to breast cancer? ,, Parabens may also be found in chewing gum and mouthwash. Parabens are most commonly found in cosmetics and personal care items such as lotions, sunscreen, antiperspirants, makeup and hair products. Other names for these are methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and propyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate. Methylparaben and propylparaben are the most commonly used parabens. They are commonly added to cosmetics and other personal care products to prevent the growth of mold, bacteria and yeasts. Parabens are a group of compounds widely used as preservatives for their antimicrobial properties.